TACK. — A small prop of coal sometimes left in kirving a jud to support it until the kirving is finished, except knocking out the tack. A punch prop is commonly used for the same purpose.

TAIL CRAB. — (See Crab, Fleet.)

TAIL ROPE. — (See Engine Plane.)

TARE. — (See Average Weight.)

TEEM BYE. — To teem the coals over the resting coal stock or heap when there are no waggons.

TEN. — A measure of coals upon which the lessor's rent is paid. It usually consists of 440 bolls of 8 pecks each, but varies under different landlords, generally within the range of from 418 to 440 bolls; it rises, however, as high as 550 bolls. As the weight of a boll of coals (See Chaldron) is 2.35284 cwts., the weight of the ten of 440 bolls is 51.76428 tons.

The ten is also defined by weight as to consist of 18 1/3 Newcastle chaldrons of 53 cwt. In this case the weight of the ten is 48.58333 cwt. but this not a ten of 440 boIls.

In some leases the ten is fixed at 50 tons.

TENTALE. — The rent paid to the lessor for a ten of coals. (See Rent.)

THILL. — The floor of a seam of coal.

THRUST. — (See Crush.)

THUD. — A dull and heavy report made by the rending of the strata far overhead when the coal has been extracted.

TIE BAND. — "A piece of rope or spunyarn used in securing long timber or rails when being sent down in the cage." (Nicholson.)

TOKEN. — (See Average Weight.)

TOOM. — Empty.

TOP. — (See Show.)

TRAIL JUD. — In driving a wide board to drive forward 3 or 4 yards narrow, and then take off a jud sideways, to make the board the proper width.

TRAM. — A wooden carriage, upon which the corves were conveyed along a tramway. Since the substitution of tubs, the trams and tubs are attached together. A tram with 4 or more upright arms of iron used for conveying rails, props, &c., is called a horny tram.

TRAM PLATE. — An iron or metal rail of the section L and weighing about 4 lbs. to the foot, with which the way for the passage of carriages moving on tram or edged wheels, is laid.

TRAP. — The part of a skreen, near to the upper end, shut off by a door worked by a handle by the skreenman, by which the coals from the last tub teemed on the skreen are prevented from passing down until the previous tub has been disposed of, and by which door, in proportion as it is raised, the skreenman can control the rush of the coals down the skreen. Also whin, or basalt of whin dykes, called also trap dykes. Also an accident to which, without proper precaution, putters are liable, when from an obstruction in front, the back top edge of the tub, upon which the fingers are usually placed, cants against the top in a low seam. A couple of hand-boles cut in the ends of the tubs, or cut down below the top edge is an easy remedy.

TRAP-DOOR. — (See Door.)

TRAPPER. — A little boy whose employment consists in opening and shutting a trap-door when required: his wages are 9d. or 10d. per day of 12 hours (1849). At present 1s. to 1s. 2d. per day of 8 hours.

TRIANGLES. — (See Bore.)

TRIM. — When coals from the waggons are dropped or spouted into the hold of a vessel they produce a conical heap which, unless provided against, would soon block up the hatchway. To prevent this, sheets of iron are laid upon the cone as it rises which cause the coals to slide off in all directions ; these are placed by a set of men, called trimmers, who with shovels and rakes still further distribute the coal, or trim the cargo.

TRIMMERS. — (See Trim.)

TROD. — The diameter of a flanched wheel, not including the flanch.

TROUBLE. — (See Hitch, Fault, &c.)

TUB. — An open topped box of wood or iron, attached to a train, and used in conveying coals from the working places to the surface.

TUBBING. — A casing put into a pit to keep back water. It was formerly put in with planks, properly dressed at the joints to the sweep of the pit, and kept in their places by being spiked to cribs behind them. Tubbing was also constructed of cribs of oak, built one upon another to the required height, and afterwards wedged ; this formed an excellent but expensive tub. At present, tubbing is put in in metal segments. The commencement is made by laying a metal or oak wedging crib at the first good foundation below the feeder of water to be tubbed back, and then setting on the segments, backing the tubbing firmly with soil all the way up so far as it is required to be put in. Half inch sheathing of American fir should be put in at both ends and bottom of each segment, and baff ends and spares driven in behind so as to set the tubbing true to the centre line of the pit. The segments arc usually from 1 to 2 feet high, and about 4 feet long, according to the size of the pit, so that a certain number of segments may form the pit. When the tubbing is all built up, and made secure at the top so that it will not rise with wedging, the joints are wedged with memel wedges, as long as they can be driven in at the joints, the whole being gone twice or thrice over.

TUBE, CUBE, CUPOLA. — (See Cube.)

TUP. — In former days there used to be a fortnight's holiday at the end of the year, when stock used to be taken and no coals drawn. It was the custom to cover with lighted candles the last corf of coals sent to bank, which was called "sending away the tup." The tup's horn, which used to be sent up with every twentieth corf, also accompanied the illuminated corf.

TRYING THE CANDLE. — (See Show.)